There are a variety of types of irrigation systems are available. Certain systems are easy to install, whereas others require lots of equipment and regular maintenance.
This type of system uses techniques such as canals, pumping stations, gates and ditches to raise the water table and spread the water evenly across fields. This is the most costly type of irrigation system.
Surface Irrigation
Surface irrigation is one of the most common systems of water supply. This system is easy to use, requires little capital and no advanced knowledge and can be used on land that is sloped. It is the most energy efficient method to irrigate fields that are sloped, since gravity is the primary method used to move the water. It is difficult to control and may result in fields being overflowing for prolonged durations of time.
Three types of surface irrigation can be distinguished: basin irrigation border, furrow and basin. The most popular kind of surface irrigation is basin irrigation, made up of flat, diked areas that allow undirected surface water flow. They can be constructed in any shape and size to fit different soil types and patterns. It is also possible to be modified with corrugated surfaces or sand-filled trenches for better the soil’s quality and distribution of water.
Another benefit of these systems is the ease of maintenance. The lateral pipes within a furrow or basin system can be easily inspected and cleaned, and they can be flushed in order to prevent them from getting clogged with salts or sediment. This is an important benefit over drip irrigation, where the lateral tubes must be submerged. Therefore, they are harder to maintain and check.
Drip Irrigation
Low-pressure drip irrigation drips water directly onto the plants. The water is then delivered directly to the roots of the plants, making it an extremely efficient method of irrigation. This is an excellent method for sandy soils because it spreads water over an area larger than surface irrigation. Drip irrigation can be utilized in landscaping for residential properties and commercial row crop vegetable production.
The system consists of a pump unit which takes water from the source and supplies the proper pressure to deliver it to a pipe system that is then able to transport it into the field (see Figure below). A settling pond might be required in some cases. It is essential that the pump unit be correctly sized to avoid damaging to the soil or plants. Other elements include a filter to remove the seeds of weeds, fertilizer deposits and dissolved chemicals that can precipitate (like iron and calcium). Chemical injection units are commonly used, which injects the right quantity of insecticide, fungicide or herbicide into irrigation water at the beginning of each irrigation cycle.
PVC pipes are utilized to deliver water from reservoirs into the fields. The pipes are able to differ in diameter and wall thickness. Certain PVC pipe can be bent easily, whereas others are stiff and have a smooth bore. Emitters (nozzles) are distributed across the length of the pipe and are chosen according to crop requirements and soil conditions. Certain nozzles are compensated for pressure, ensuring a consistent flow over the operating pressures as well as elevations.
Sprinkler Irrigation
Sprinkler irrigation simulates rainfall by evenly spraying water droplets across the soil surface. This type of irrigation is an excellent option for all kinds of crops, such as fruits and vegetables. It also gives you a completely hands-free and lush green landscape.
Sprinkler systems, just like other irrigation methods have their advantages and disadvantages based on the field’s terrain. Some systems only work in very specific topographies and others can be costly.
One of the most widely employed irrigation systems is the center pivot system. The system consists of a variety of towers that rotate and move around within a circle to provide irrigation to the crop. Central control units regulate the rotation and movement of each tower. Operators can use a cell phone or satellite radio to talk with the device and remotely manage its operation.
Linear-move, moving big guns and side roll systems function similarly to centers pivot systems, however they are specifically designed to water rectangular fields. These systems are more labor demanding during the season, however they will have lower costs over the long term.
The solid-set system is designed for permanent plants, turf and landscape. They are a low-cost option and offer a uniform covering which promotes balanced growth and high yields. They can be combined with fertilizers to simultaneously apply nutrients and water (a technique called fertigation) to enhance nutrient uptake.
Methods for Irrigation
Irrigation is the process of spraying water on the soil in order to keep a steady amount of water. It can be done in a number of ways that include spraying, tube and pumps. In places that do not have enough rainfall to support plant life, irrigation may be required.
The early civilizations constructed dams, canals, and elaborate irrigation systems in their quest for food production and agriculture. Nowadays, we rely on technology to offer similar benefits but using lesser energy.
Surface irrigation is divided into three categories including border, furrow and basin. This involves an enclosed field, with levees that block water from escaping. This technique is ideal for crops like rice which can withstand flooding.
Surge flooding is an alternative of traditional flood irrigation. This system uses pipe gates with solar or battery powered controllers. The valves allow water to flow in the field, after that, they shut it off. This triggers pulses of irrigation which reduce unwanted runoff.
This system can be used for many different crops. It also works well on uneven terrain. It is crucial that the flow rate is sufficient to push the water forward, bec tuoi phun mua but not too that it is so large that it will remove the fertile soil. In addition, it must not cause waterlogging, where the ground gets saturated.